The predictions regarding the mediation effects of job-based opportunity and workplace discrimination were not supported. Our findings offer valuable insights into the relative positions of women and men in informal structures of organizational networks, advance our understanding of gender inequality in career outcomes, and shed new light on the relative importance of individual agency and structural opportunity in explaining individuals' occupancy of advantageous network positions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Organizations are increasingly relying on service robots to improve efficiency, but these robots often make mistakes, which can aggravate customers and negatively affect organizations. How can organizations mitigate the frontline impact of these robotic blunders? Drawing from theories of anthropomorphism and mind perception, we propose that people evaluate service robots more positively when they are anthropomorphized and seem more humanlike-capable of both agency (the ability to think) and experience (the ability to feel). We further propose that in the face of robot service failures, increased perceptions of experience should attenuate the negative effects of service failures, whereas increased perceptions of agency should amplify the negative effects of service failures on customer satisfaction. In a field study conducted in the world's first robot-staffed hotel (Study 1), we find that anthropomorphism generally leads to higher customer satisfaction and that perceived experience, but not agency, mediates this effect. Perceived experience (but not agency) also interacts with robot service failures to predict customer satisfaction such that high levels of perceived experience attenuate the negative impacts of service failures on customer satisfaction. We replicate these results in a lab experiment with a service robot (Study 2). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Objective Sexual minority women (SMW) evidence elevated rates of trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress (PTS), and alcohol consumption. Self-medication models of drinking suggest that individuals may drink to cope with symptoms of PTS, but this possibility remains untested among SMW. Method The current study used data from drinking days collected via daily diary assessments from 81 trauma-exposed SMW. Participants were mostly White (72.8%) and ranged in age from 18 to 25 (M = 23.8). Participants were followed over 2 14-consecutive-day measurement bursts (720 person-days reported). Analyses were conducted to examine whether coping drinking motives (vs. social, enhancement, and conformity drinking motives), as assessed by an adapted Drinking Motives Questionnaire, mediated the daily level relationship between PTS symptoms (assessed by the PTSD Checklist) and the number of standard drinks per drinking day. Results Results from multilevel structural equation models indicated that day-to-day fluctuations in PTS symptoms, as well as average levels of PTS symptoms, were associated with increased coping drinking motives. Coping drinking motives, but not other drinking motives, mediated within-person associations between PTS and drinking, such that daily fluctuations in PTS symptoms were associated with stronger-than-normal coping drinking motives, which in turn predicted more drinks per drinking day. Conclusions Results highlight the importance of coping drinking motives and suggest that alternative coping strategies may help trauma-exposed SMW to manage heightened PTS symptoms without increasing their alcohol consumption. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objectives Individuals who support others reap mental health benefits from this act. Recent studies have identified individual differences in other-oriented processes that shift who benefits the most from support giving. Yet existing studies have examined people from individualistic societies (e.g., United States), and whether these findings extend to individuals from collectivistic societies (e.g., China) remain unknown. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/zebularine.html Moreover, little is known about the pathways through which support giving may lead to higher life satisfaction. With a sample of Chinese international students, we examined how individual differences in collectivistic values (i.e., face concerns and prosocial motivations) shift the impact of support giving to close others on life satisfaction. We also examined the underlying role of positive and negative emotions. Method One hundred seventy-eight Chinese international students completed online baseline and 2-month follow-up surveys. Results Emotional support giving, but not instrumental support giving, was associated with greater life satisfaction through increased positive and reduced negative emotions over time. The mediation pathways were moderated by face concerns such that the indirect effects of both positive and negative emotions were significant only among those with high face concerns and not among those with low face concerns. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the mental health benefits of support giving are shaped by the cultural values of the individual. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Objective Accumulating evidence suggests that retrieval practice (testing during learning) enhances memory in clinical populations. However, no study to date has examined the efficacy of retrieval practice in stroke survivors, despite the negative impact of poststroke memory difficulties. We investigated whether retrieval practice enhances memory for names in stroke survivors and healthy controls. Method Using a within- and between-subjects design, 20 stroke survivors and 20 healthy controls completed an experimental paradigm that required them to learn 18 name-face pairs divided across 3 learning conditions (spaced restudy, retrieval practice, massed study). A mixed analysis of variance compared participants' name recall across conditions after 30 min and 7 days. Results There was a main effect of learning condition (p less then .001, ηp? = .67) and a significant Time × Condition interaction (p less then .001, ηp? = .25). Post hoc comparisons revealed that retrieval practice was the superior learning condition in both groups after 30 min.